Software development models
In software development, different models are used to better structure and manage a project. Each model has its own strengths and limitations — it’s important to choose the one that best fits the nature of the project, the team’s experience, and the client’s expectations.
🌊 Waterfall Model
Description:
A linear development process where each stage follows the previous one in a logical order. Each phase must be completed before the next begins.
Advantages:
- Easy to plan and manage
- Well-suited for smaller, clearly defined projects
Disadvantages:
- Very little flexibility
- Changes are difficult to implement once the process starts
🔁 V-Model
Description:
Similar to the Waterfall model, but each development stage is paired with a corresponding testing phase.
Advantages:
- Clear structure
- Early detection of errors
Disadvantages:
- Rigid process
- Best suited for projects with well-defined requirements
♻️ Iterative Model
Description:
Development happens in repeated cycles (iterations), where new features and improvements are added each time.
Advantages:
- Allows fast testing and refinement
- Great for projects where requirements may evolve over time
Disadvantages:
- May require more time and resources
- Needs strong project management
🌀 Spiral Model
Description:
Combines iterative development with risk management — each cycle focuses on identifying and mitigating risks, making it well-suited for high-risk projects.
Advantages:
- Ideal for large and complex projects
- Enables early risk management
Disadvantages:
- Complex and costly
- Requires detailed planning and analysis
⚡ Agile Model
Description:
The Agile model focuses on collaboration, fast feedback, and flexibility — all crucial in rapidly changing projects.
Advantages:
- High adaptability
- Strong client involvement
Disadvantages:
- Requires a committed team and constant customer engagement
- Can become chaotic without experienced leadership
🧩 Scrum
Description:
Scrum is a framework within the Agile model, where development is organized into short sprints.
Advantages:
- Flexible and iterative
- Strong focus on teamwork and communication
Disadvantages:
- Needs a well-organized team
- Requires continuous monitoring and updates
📋 Kanban
Description:
An Agile method focused on visual task management and continuous improvement.
Advantages:
- Easy to implement and monitor
- Helps prevent task overload
Disadvantages:
- Can become difficult to manage with high workloads and rapidly changing priorities